- #Oligo bands csf positive and oligo bands serum 2 skin
- #Oligo bands csf positive and oligo bands serum 2 full
Upon suspicion of involvement of infectious processes, specific immunological reactions were performed and, possibly, analysis on antigenic material and PCR. The CSF analysis included the classical routine tests (cytomorphological profile, determination of total protein content, and assaying of glucose and chlorides). Patients with MS and both control groups were recruited consecutively, all during the same period, from August 2005 to January 2008.īlood serum and CSF analysis were carried out simultaneously.
#Oligo bands csf positive and oligo bands serum 2 skin
Because of the high degree of miscegenation in Brazil, the IBGE classifies races through self-declared skin color, grouped as white, black, brown (mulatto/mixed), “yellow” (East Asian), and indigenous Indian. The criteria used for ethnic origin were the same as used by the Brazilian research institute, the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics).
#Oligo bands csf positive and oligo bands serum 2 full
In accordance with ethical considerations, they were guaranteed full follow-up at the institution’s department of neurology, irrespective of whether they were participating in this study.Ī group of 39 patients with a variety of chronic inflammatory disorders of the CNS and 19 subjects with neither neurological complaints nor infectious conditions, whose CSF sample was collected during anesthetic procedure for minor surgery, were used as controls.
Patients who failed to fulfill the clinical and radiological criteria for diagnosing MS were excluded from the present study. None of the patients had previously undergone a CSF exam and, therefore, the results from the CSF analysis were not used to establish the diagnosis of MS, excluding thereby a diagnostic interpretation bias. The diagnosis of MS was established in accordance with McDonald’s International Criteria, as revised in 2005. Subsequently, the patients underwent sampling of CSF as part of the laboratory investigation of MS. Both doctors were neurologists with expertise in MS diagnosis (authors PDG and DC). A second medical doctor reevaluated these parameters independently. The MS patients’ histories were taken, physical examinations were conducted, and MRI analysis was done immediately after the patients had signed their consent. All patients or their legal guardians signed the informed consent agreement prior to enrolment in this study. The present study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo, under the number 800/05. Here, we describe the frequency of oligoclonal bands (OCB) and IgG index status in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in an ethnically mixed group of MS patients in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Since this ethnic factor seems to influence the physiopathogenic mechanisms of MS, it is plausible to expect that inflammatory markers of the disease might also be influenced by ethnicity. This holds true not only for people living in Africa, but also for those living in Europe, North America, and South America who have an African background. Individuals of African origin appear to have a “genetic protection” against MS, as reflected by the low incidence of the disease among Africans and Afrodescendants. Genetic susceptibility is a well-recognized factor in the onset of MS. MS is thought to develop in genetically susceptible individuals when one or more environmental factors trigger a cascade of events leading to disease manifestation. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The data presented in our study show that the ethnic differences in MS extend to the immune response. Analysis of the IgG index was also consistent with the findings, but with lower statistical significance.
OCB were found in 49 (54.4%) out of 90 patients with clinically definite MS out of the 23 brown/black patients, 17 (73.9%) were OCB+ out of the 66 white patients, 32 (48.5%) were OCB+ and the only patient yellow was OCB+ ( ). Techniques used to detect OCB consisted of isoelectric focusing followed by immunoblotting. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of oligoclonal bands (OCB) restricted to the cerebrospinal fluid, in an ethnically mixed group of MS patients in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Genetic susceptibility is a well-recognized factor in the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS).